Quasars get their energy by continuously absorbing huge amounts of intergalactic gas. And it is as a result of this continuous absorption of material that we are able to observe these bodies. The light coming from the quasar is emitted by gas and dust which with a huge speed rush to the center of the black hole, while warming up to unimaginable temperatures. However, we can observe these quasars as they were at the time of their birth, that is, in fact, we get their “children’s photos” which depict their formation and growth. The information in these images refers to a period that occurred about a billion years after the Big Bang.
The formation of most black holes occurs as a result of the explosion of a massive star, which has already completely exhausted its nuclear reserves. Such stars are several hundred times larger than the Sun. As a result of the cessation of nuclear reactions occurring in the nucleus of such a star, it becomes unstable, since nuclear reactions are the force opposite to the force of gravitational collapse. As a result of these processes, at the sunset of his life, some of the substance of the star is thrown into space, and the remaining substance is compressed under enormous pressure, thereby forming a black hole.
Immediately after the discovery of the first ancient quasars, the researchers tried to answer the question: could small black holes begin to absorb the dust and gas surrounding them in volumes larger than possible, thereby changing their size by tens or even hundreds of times, and if so, what exactly processes could cause this behavior? All this happened at the dawn of the formation of our Universe. In fact, there are only a couple of three processes that are responsible for the speed at which black holes grow. For example, in most cases, the gas enters the black hole not directly, but has the form of a small slow flow, slowly absorbed by the hole. When a hole absorbs a certain amount of matter, its gravitational force weakens, resulting in the flow rate of dust and gas, due to which the black hole grows, decreases. How, then, did the growth of the ancient quasars occur? The answer to this question tried to the researchers, Tal Alexander and Pramada Natarajan working in the Department of particle Physics and astrophysics at Yale University.
Their model suggests that black holes are formed in a rather early universe. During this period, the gas flows were very cold and dense, therefore, the amount of matter in them was much more than now. The very same black hole moved in outer space, periodically changing its trajectory under the influence of stars nearby. Moving in this way, the black hole constantly absorbed huge amounts of gas. This process was very fast and therefore the slow flow that is observed around modern black holes simply did not have time to form. After about ten million years, the mass of the black hole became ten thousand times the mass of the Sun, which slowed its movement and, consequently, its growth.
Quasars 